From Yeats to Today: The Second Coming and Modern Turmoil

From Yeats to Today: The Second Coming and Modern Turmoil

“The Second Coming,” is a poem by Williams Butter Yeats and a profound reflection on the inchoate state of the world and the menacing future awaiting humanity. Written in 1919, in the aftermath of World War I and during the Irish War of Independence, this poem captures Yeats' concern about the collapse of societal order and the rise of a new, disturbing era. Yeats, an Irish poet and one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century, was deeply influenced by the political and social turmoil of his time, as well as his interests in mysticism and the occult. These elements fill his poetry, offering a rich context for understanding "The Second Coming." I chose this poem because of its relevance and its suggestive portrayal of a world on the brink of chaos. Yeats' vivid imagery and powerful language create a compelling vision that resonates with modern readers, making it a fascinating subject for analysis.

"The Second Coming" is a reflection on the collapse of societal order and the emergence of a new, threatening force. The poem begins with a striking image of a falcon spiraling out of control, unable to hear its owner or falconer: "Turning and turning in the widening gyre / The falcon cannot hear the falconer." This metaphor sets the stage for the poem's exploration of chaos and collapse. The image of the falcon and falconer suggests a loss of control and the breakdown of communication, symbolizing the failing of societal structures.

The mood of the poem is one of despair and ominous. Yeats vividly describes a world where "Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world." This powerful line captures the sense of impending doom, and the dissolution of order. The phrase "the ceremony of innocence is drowned" further emphasizes the loss of purity and the dominance of corruption. The mood is intensified by the contrast between the indifferent good and the intense wicked: "The best lack all conviction, while the worst / Are full of passionate intensity."

Yeats used several poetical devices to enhance the meaning and impact of the poem. One famous example is his use of imagery. The description of the "blood-dimmed tide" that is "loosed, and everywhere" creates a vivid and terrifying picture of widespread violence and chaos. This imagery not only illustrates the extent of the disorder but also evokes a sense of horror and inevitability. Symbolism is another significant device used by Yeats. The "widening gyre" symbolizes the expanding chaos, and the repetitive nature of history. Yeats believed in historical cycles, where periods of order and chaos alternated. The gyre represents the expansion and eventual disintegration of societal order, leading to a new era of turmoil.

Metaphor is also central to the poem. The "rough beast" that "slouches towards Bethlehem to be born" serves as a powerful metaphor for the emergence of a new, malevolent force. This beast, with its "lion body and the head of a man," embodies the antithesis of the traditional Christian symbol of the Second Coming of Christ. Instead of a Savior, Yeats imagines a monstrous entity heralding an age of darkness and despair.

The central theme of "The Second Coming" is the recurring nature of history, and the inevitable descent into chaos before the birth of a new order. Yeats present a dim vision of the future, where the collapse of existing structures paves the way for a new and troubling era. This theme remains relevant in today’s society, as we continue to witness political, social, and environmental disturbances that challenge the stability of our world.

The poem should be appreciated for its great insights into the human condition and the repetitive nature of history. Yeats' masterful use of language and poetical devices creates a powerful and suggestive piece that resonates with readers across generations. Its value lies in its ability to evoke thought and reflection on the current state of the world and the potential consequences of our actions.

In conclusion, "The Second Coming" is a timeless work that speaks to the enduring struggles of humanity. Yeats’ vision of a world teetering on the brink of chaos serves as a moving reminder of the vulnerability of order, and the ever-present possibility of collapse. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, the poem's message remains a compelling call to examine our societal foundations and strive for a better future.

Works Cited

“William Butler Yeats.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/william-butler-yeats. Accessed 27 July 2024.

Yeats, William Butler. “The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43290/the-second-coming. Accessed 27 July 2024.